TOURISM GUIDE ON NIGERIA.FOR FREE

EFIK:-
They are related to the Ibibios in their language and culture. Their Towns and Villages between 17thand19C became important, thanks to theTrans Atlantic Slave trade and the palm oil trade. Their major towns are old Calabar, which is made up of Duke Town (Atakpa), Creek Town (Obio Oko), Big Qua Town etc. Their traditional ruler is called the Obong of Calabar. Many of their rich and influential men belonged to the Ekpe Secret Society in the time past. Calabar, their ancestral home has a seaport and presently the capital city of Cross River State South-South Nigeria.The state government headed by Donald Duke is presently creating an export free zone known as TINAPA. FULANI:-
They live in large area of West Africa between Senegal and Northern Part of Cameroon. Traditionlly, they do not live in towns, but move about with their herds of cattle in search of.pasture The Fulanis are in Nigeria and live in the Northern part country, In the 19th Century, a Fulani cleric, Uthman Dan Fodio, led a Jihad that dethroned their Hausa Overlords. He subsequently set up the theocratic state of Sokoto, which remained till 1904 when the Briti.sh defeated them in the battle of Guimi.

HAUSA:-
This is one of the most numerous ethnic groups in West Africa,whose language hausawa is spoken in many countries of West Africa. They live in the Northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic etc. History has it that Bayajida was their ancestor, and that he led them(his followers) from the present day Saudi Arabia to where they now found themselves. They are Muslims, and known to be farmers, as well as traders. They have cities like Bauchi, Kano, Zaria, Zamfara and Katsina.etc These are major cities in Nigeria today.

IBIBIO:-
They live in the present day Akwa Ibom State of South-South Nigeria and are related in Culture and language to the Efiks. Their main food crop, is yam but many of them make palm oil, pottery and wood caving. Like their Efik counterparts, they are members of the Ekpo Secret Society. Their towns are Uyo, Ikot, Ekpen,Eket and Itu.

IDOMA:-
They live mainly in Benue State North Central Nigeria and have faming as their main occupation. They grow Yams, Guinea - Corn, Maize, Millet and Cassava. They are well known for their weaving and dying of cloths craftsmanship.. Traditionally, a number of the family groups live together. Eachgroupis dedicated to the ancestors and the earth. Different groups of the Idoum were not united in the pre-colonial times, but by 1948, a paramount Chief, the Ocidoma was elated. As the traditional ruler of the Idomaland.

IGBOS:
They occupy the South Eastern States of Anambra, Imo, Abia, Ebonyi, and Enugu States some also live in Rivers and Delta States of Nigeria.
Their language is grouped into a group known as "Kwa" which also included Yoruba, and Akan. Their main occupation is farming and they grow crops like yam, Cassava, Maize etc. Bishop Shenanan described them in the pre-Colonial times as being industrious, Bold and Obedient (IBO). Their famous god before the advent of the pax Britanica was the long "Juju"known in their local dialet as ibinukpabi that resided in cave Which was located in Arochukwu. Their cities are Onitsna, Eungu, Owerri, Aba etc. It is one the three major tribes in Nigeria.

IJAW:_
They are found in Delta, Rivers, Beyelsa, Akwa Iboon, Cross River Delta and Edo State - Coastal States of Nigeria. The main occupation is fishing, making of local gin - Ogogoro, Palm oil etc. Most of their towns and villages are rich in crude oil. The first crude oil in Nigeria was discovered at Olorbiri in 1958. It is the fourth longest tribe in Nigeria.

ITSEKIRI:-
The Itsekiri people live on the Western edge of the Niger Delta, in the present day Delta State of Nigeria, traditionally, they are fishermen and traders. In the 17th - 19th Centuries, they acted as Middlemen in Carrying trade between Euopeans at the Coast and the hintertand people. Oral tradition says that the first Olu (King) of all the Itskiri people was Ginuwa, a son of the ruler of Benin in the 15th C. The largest towns of the Itsekiri people are Warri, and Koko, which have become centers petroleum industries in Nigeria. Their language is closely related to Yoruba.

NUPE:-
They live in the valley of the middle Niger and Kaduna Rivers in Nigeria, they skilled in bronze and brass making ,and the craftsmen are organized in Societies or guilds according to their work. Many of the men are farmers, who grow rice, guinea corn, Millet and yams According to tradition, the Nupe State was founded Tsoede, who came from Igala Kingdom, probably in the early 16th Century. He and his descendant ruled as Etsu Nupe (Cliefs of Nupe) and made the the State powerful. In the 16th - 18th Centuries, they fought successful wars against the Yoruba State of Oyo. During the 18th to 19th Centuries, the Fulanis were spreading Islam in the region, and by the mid 19th Century, Malam Dando Captured the seat of Government and ruled it before the British established their influence in Bida.

TIV:-
They are found in Benue State, North - Central Nigeria Acording local tradition, they are all descended from an ancestor who lived 14 - 17 generations ago, and each Tiv group traces its descendant from him through the sons. The smallest effective group in their traditional organization (the tar) is made up of people descended from an ancestor who lived 3 or 4 generations before the present elders. A Tiv man has the right to farm land which is controlled by his 'tar'. The traditional leader of the Tiv is the 'Tortiv'.
The main food crops of Tiv are yam in the South and Millet in the North. Many farmers now also produce soya beans and benniseed for sale. The Tiv are traditionally brave warriors, and many now join Nigerian army. Many of them also work in the growing towns of Markurdi and Gboko.

IGBO - UKWU:-
At Igbo-Ukwu in Anabra State South-East Nigeria, archaeologists have found remains, of a Culture which at least is as old as 1000 years old. There is a very fine metal work, such as decorated pots of bronze and copper. An important man was Buried close by with many precious objects. All this indicates a rich and well organized Society, with a ruler who probably had religious as well as political power. Some of these sites are well patronized tourist attraction centers.

IWO ILERU:-
This is another archaeological site in the Western part of Nigeria. It was used as a shelter by hunting people as long ago as about 10,000BC. This shows that the forest areas of West Africa were inhabited in early times. Many stone weapons and tools have been found at Iwo Ileru, and give an idea of how the people lived, remains of skeleton were found which had some of the features of the present day population LONG JUJU SHRINE.
This is Situated in Arochukwu, South-East Nigeria. The religious influence derived from the control of this oracle almost made the Aros to have a political contrl over their neighbouring Igbo countries. This oracle commanded universal respect as a result of what was believed to be its impartiality and supernatural knowledge of people and events. Again, amongst all the Igbo oracles, the long Juju was the only one backed up by military action in the 19th Century. Its decisions were enforced by mercenary troops from Abam and Ohafia who raided any village that ignored its verdict. This made, the Aros to be very influential in the 19th Century.
In 1902AD, the British Military expedition destroyed the Oracle, but the cave where it used to be is presently a tourist attractive center.


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